I-manifold, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-distribution manifold, iyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokushisa ngaphansi komhlaba. Ikakhulukazi ixhuma amaphayiphi amakhulu okuhlinzeka nokubuyisela amanzi futhi ihlukanisa amanzi ashisayo kuzo zonke izixhumanisi zokushisa.

Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo Nezisebenzi: I-manifold iqukethe iphayiphi elikhulu lokusabalalisa (elixhunywe nephayiphi lokuhlinzeka) kanye nephayiphi elikhulu lokuqoqwa (elixhunywe nephayiphi lokubuyisela). Ipayiphi elikhulu lokusabalalisa lisabalalisa amanzi ashisayo kumapayiphi okushisa aphansi egumbini ngalinye, kanti iphayiphi elikhulu lokuqoqwa liqoqe amanzi abuyayo. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ifaka phakathi ukucindezela, ukunciphisa ucindezelo, ukuzinza kocindezelo, nokusabalalisa ukuhamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kwamanzi ashisayo okufanayo.

Izinsiza ngokuvamile zifaka ama-valve ebhola, ama-valve okulawula ukuhamba, izikhala zomoya, nezihlungi, ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukususa umoya, nokuhlungela ukungcola.

Uhlaka Nokwakheka: Ngokusekelwe emsebenzini nasestructure, ama-manifolds angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu:

Uhlobo Oluyisisekelo: Luhlinzekwa nge-valve yebhola kanye nesikhala somoya sokwenziwa, lunikeza kuphela ukulawula okuyisisekelo kokuvula/nokuvala ngaphandle kokulawula ukuhamba.

Uhlobo Olujwayelekile: Luthuthukiswe nge-valve yokulawula ukuhamba kanye ne-automatic air vent, evumela ukulungiswa okunembile kwesilinganiso sokuhamba kuzo zonke izixhumanisi; emamodeli athile asekelwa ukulungiswa okuhlakaniphile. **Uhlobo Olusebenzayo:** Luhlanganisa ukukhombisa okushisa/pressure, ukuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo, ukukala ukushisa, ukulawula okwenziwe ngezifunda, kanye nezici zokulawula kude, ezifanele izinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokususelwa ekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa, ihlukaniswe kube nguKorea kanye ne-European versions: inguqulo yaseKorea inezakhiwo ezilula nezindleko eziphansi, ezifanele ukushisa okuyisisekelo ngaphansi komhlaba; inguqulo yaseYurophu inezici eziphelele kakhulu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuhlakanipha, ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezindlini ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma ezinhlelweni zokushisa ezizimele.

**Izidingo Zokwakha Nokufaka:** Ukuze kuvinjwe ukugqwala, i-manifold ivamise ukwenziwa ngezinto ezivimbela ukugqwala ezifana ne-copper ehlanzekile noma insimbi engagqwali; insimbi ye-cast kufanele igwenywe. 1. Ngesikhathi sokufaka, kufanele ibekwe ngokuhlangene odongeni noma ebhokisini elikhethekile (njengokwakhiwa kokupheka). I-manifold kufanele ibe okungenani ama-centimitha angama-30 phezulu komhlaba. Kufanele kufakwe ifilitha ekugcineni. Uhlelo lokuxhuma luyindlela elandelayo: ipayipi lokuhlinzeka → ivaliwe valve → ifilitha → i-manifold → ipayipi lokushisa elingaphansi → ikholi → ipayipi lokubuyisela.

**Ukusetshenziswa Nokmaintenance:** Ngaphambi kokushisa unyaka nonyaka, ivali ye-air vent kufanele ivulwe ukuze kususwe umoya emaphaketheni. Ifilitha kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ukuze kugcinwe amaphakethe ehlanzekile. Uma ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ivolumu yamanzi ejikelezayo ingancishiswa. Ebusika, uma ukushisa kungasetshenziswa, amanzi emaphaketheni kufanele aphume ukuze kugwenywe ukujula nokuphuka. ‌