A manifold, also known as a distribution manifold, is the core component of an underfloor heating system. It primarily connects the main supply and return water pipes and distributes hot water to each heating loop.

Basic Structure and Function: The manifold consists of a main distribution pipe (connecting to the supply pipe) and a main collection pipe (connecting to the return pipe). The main distribution pipe distributes hot water to the underfloor heating pipes in each room, while the main collection pipe collects the return water. Its core functions include pressurization, depressurization, pressure stabilization, and flow distribution to ensure uniform hot water circulation.

Accessories typically include ball valves, flow control valves, air vents, and filters, used to control water flow, remove air, and filter impurities.

Classification and Characteristics: Based on function and structure, manifolds can be divided into three types:

Basic Type: Equipped with a ball valve and a manual air vent, providing only basic on/off control without flow control.

Standard Type: Upgraded with a flow control valve and an automatic air vent, allowing precise adjustment of the flow rate in each loop; some models support intelligent adjustment. **Functional Type:** Integrates temperature/pressure display, automatic mixing, heat metering, zoned temperature control, and remote control functions, suitable for high-end systems.

Furthermore, based on design performance, it is divided into Korean and European versions: the Korean version has a simple structure and low cost, suitable for basic underfloor heating; the European version has more complete functions and a higher degree of intelligence, mostly used in high-end residences or independent heating systems.

**Material and Installation Requirements:** To prevent corrosion, the manifold is usually made of corrosion-resistant materials such as pure copper or stainless steel; cast iron should be avoided. 1. During installation, it must be horizontally fixed to the wall or in a dedicated box (such as in the kitchen). The manifold should be at least 30 cm above the ground. A filter must be installed at the front end. The connection sequence is: supply pipe → shut-off valve → filter → manifold → underfloor heating pipe → collector → return pipe.

**Usage and Maintenance:** Before heating each year, the air vent valve should be opened to remove air from the pipes. The filter should be cleaned regularly to keep the pipes clean. When not in use for a long time, the circulating water volume can be reduced. In winter, when heating is not in use, the water in the pipes should be drained to prevent freezing and cracking. ‌